Keywords

biolchem

Ученые записки Крымского федерального университета имени В.И. Вернадского. Биология. Химия

Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry

2413-1725

Крымского федерального университета имени В.И. Вернадского

V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University

7640

РОЛЬ РЕСПИРАТОРНОГО МИКРОБИОМА В ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ ВИРУСНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПУТЕЙ

THE ROLE OF RESPIRATORY MICROBIOME IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF VIRAL RESPIRATORY DISEASES

Волкова

К. Е.

Volkova

K. E.

Сорокин

О. В.

Sorokin

O. V.

Нефедова

Ж. В.

Nefedova

Zh. V.

Панасенко

Л. М.

Panasenko

L. M.

Суботялов

М. А.

Subotyalov

M. A.

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский государственный педагогический университет» Министерства просвещения Российской Федерации, Новосибирск, Россия Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia ООО «Ведагенетика», Новосибирск, Россия LLC “Vedagenetics”, Novosibirsk, Russia Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Новосибирск, Россия Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации, Новосибирск, Россия Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia

27 05 2026

Том 12 (78)

7638

3 29

2026

Ученые записки Крымского федерального университета имени В.И. Вернадского. Биология. Химия

https://sn-biolchem.cfuv.ru/article/new-test/

Статья анализирует влияние респираторного микробиома на развитие вирусных инфекций дыхательных путей. Рассмотрены механизмы взаимодействия бактериальных сообществ с вирусами, включая иммуномодуляцию, изменение эпителиального барьера и конкуренцию за ресурсы. Показана роль дисбиоза в повышении восприимчивости к инфекциям и развитии осложнений. На примере астмы и пневмонии продемонстрирована связь между изменением состава микробиома и тяжестью заболеваний. Освещена защитная роль комменсальных бактерий (Dolosigranulum pigrum, Corynebacterium spp., Staphylococcus epidermidis), подавляющих патогены через выработку антимикробных веществ и иммуномодуляцию. Обсуждаются современные подходы к коррекции микробиома, включая применение пробиотиков, бактериальных лизатов и перспективы использования микробиомных маркеров для персонализированной терапии.

This article presents a comprehensive systematic review dedicated to the critically important role of the respiratory tract microbiome in maintaining respiratory health and the development of pathological conditions. The central thesis of the work is that the respiratory microbiome is not a passive community but an active participant in immune defense, and its imbalance (dysbiosis) is a key factor in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of diseases. The article analyzes the complex mechanisms of interaction between commensal microorganisms and respiratory viruses. It emphasizes that a healthy microbiome serves as a powerful protective barrier through direct and indirect mechanisms: competition with pathogens for resources and receptors; activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors; enhanced production of interferons (IFN-β, IFN-γ); synthesis of bacteriocins and fatty acids; and maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity. In contrast, dysbiosis dominated by opportunistic species not only loses these protective functions but also exacerbates the course of infections. Special attention is paid to changes in the microbiome in chronic diseases. In bronchial asthma, specific microbial signatures have been identified, characterized by a predominance of Proteobacteria (Haemophilus, Moraxella) and a reduction in protective commensals (Corynebacterium, Dolosigranulum, Lactobacillus), which directly correlates with the severity of the condition and the frequency of exacerbations. In pneumonia, the fundamental role of the oral microbiome as a reservoir for pathogens is underscored, while the paradoxical protective role of some oral commensals (Prevotella, Veillonella) in modulating the immune response is highlighted. The concluding part formulates promising directions for translational medicine: microbiome-targeted therapy using bacterial lysates and probiotics; the development of personalized diagnostic panels based on individual microbial profiles; and the implementation of whole-genome sequencing methods for a comprehensive assessment of the microbial community. The conducted analysis convincingly proves that the respiratory microbiome is an integral component of the immune system of the respiratory tract, and its targeted modulation opens revolutionary prospects for developing new strategies for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of respiratory diseases in the context of global rising antibiotic resistance.

Keywords respiratory microbiome viral infections dysbiosis immunomodulation commensal bacteria asthma pneumonia microbiome-targeted therapy

Ключевые слова респираторный микробиом вирусные инфекции дисбиоз иммуномодуляция комменсальные бактерии астма пневмония микробиом-таргетированная терапия

Полный текст на сайте sn-biolchem.cfuv.ru

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